Learn how to use adverbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Gina:Hi, I am Gina. |
| Nora:And I am Nora. |
| Gina:And welcome back to NorwegianClass101.com. This is Beginner season 1, Lesson 10 - Playing With Norwegian Adverbs. As the title suggests, in this lesson you’ll learn about adverbs. |
| Nora:And we’ll also talk about the use of “men”, meaning “but”, in sentences. |
| Gina:But our main focus will be on adverbs like “first”, “soon”, “now”, “later”, and so on. |
| Nora:In other words, adverbs of time. |
| Gina:That’s right. In our dialogue, Espen has to be a bit strict with Nora who would rather play games than go to school. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Gina:Schooling in Norway is in general free of any charge, because it’s subsidized by the government. |
| Nora:Textbooks aren’t always covered, but it is possible to get a public scholarship that will cover these costs, and often more. |
| Gina:In Norway, schooling is also mandatory for elementary and junior high school. |
| Nora:And while most students are sent on to high school, it is possible to quit schooling at this point. But that doesn’t happen very often. |
| Gina:Right. The student chooses a high school based on its curriculum. |
| Nora:And high schools are usually divided into giving sufficient theoretical education to start university, or giving sufficient practical education to go into an apprenticeship. |
| Gina:It is very common to enter an apprenticeship if you live in the countryside, but the majority go on to university and higher education. |
| Nora:And since university is also free, it means many Norwegians have a chance to get a higher education. And a large majority walk out into professional life with a university degree. |
| Gina:Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Gina:Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first one is... |
| Nora:“Greit” which means “Fine”. |
| Gina:It doesn’t really have any hidden meanings or complex rules that would make it hard to use. |
| Nora:So in other words “greit” is really straightforward. Just like “fine” is in English. |
| Gina:Let’s look at some examples. |
| Nora:“Er det greit at jeg kommer over?” |
| Gina:“Is it okay if I come over?” |
| Nora:Det går sikkert greit |
| Gina:“It’ll be fine” |
| Nora:In Norwegian we’d call “greit” a “greit ord” |
| Gina:This means a “nice, easy word to learn” |
| Nora:Next we have the verb “å måtte” |
| Gina:Which means “to have to”. |
| Nora:There is nothing too special about this one either. |
| Gina:However it does qualify as one of the helping verbs, which means it helps conjugate tenses. |
| Nora:“Å måtte” is a helping verb for future tense along with “å ville” |
| Gina:“To want” |
| Nora:And “å skulle” |
| Gina:“to be going to”. Let’s look at some example sentences with this. |
| Nora:“Jeg må gå på do.” |
| Gina:“I have to go to the toilet” |
| Nora:“Jeg må spise snart, jeg er sulten” |
| Gina:“I have to eat soon, I am hungry”. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Gina:In this lesson, you’ll learn about adverbs. But first, let’s break down the sentence we had in our dialogue. |
| Nora:Nora, nå må du gå på skolen snart. |
| Gina:This translates roughly as “Nora, you have to go to school soon.” Looking at it word for word, our first word is the name Nora. |
| Nora:After the comma comes nå |
| Gina:Which means “now”, and it’s followed by |
| Nora:må which is the present tense of the verb å måtte |
| Gina:And it means “to have to”. |
| Nora:Next we have the pronoun du |
| Gina:Which means “you”. |
| Nora:Then the verb infinitive gå |
| Gina:Meaning “to go” in English. |
| Nora:This is followed by the preposition på |
| Gina:“On”. |
| Nora:Then next is the definite noun skolen |
| Gina:Meaning “The school” in English. |
| Nora:And finally we have the adverb snart |
| Gina:Or “soon” in English. |
| Nora:What we’ll be looking at in this lesson is adverbs like snart. |
| Gina:In our dialogue, we had several other adverbs as well. |
| Nora:Let’s list them. Firstly, snart |
| Gina:“Soon” |
| Nora:Først |
| Gina:“First” |
| Nora:Nå |
| Gina:“now” |
| Nora:Etterpå |
| Gina:“Later”. |
| Nora:If you look at the dialogue you’ll notice an interesting thing. |
| Gina:Yes, all these adverbs came at the end of the sentence. This is quite common in Norwegian. |
| Nora:Especially in contexts like these, where we are dealing with time in conversation. |
| Gina:The reason is that the indication of when is always given at the end of your sentence. |
| Nora:But keep in mind that in many of the sentences we’ve just discussed, the adverbs could be placed in many different positions. |
| Gina:Let’s take one of the sentences and look at where the adverb could have been placed, and what effect it would have on the sentence. |
| Nora:Let’s use the sentence we broke down. Nora, nå må du gå på skolen snart. |
| Gina:Ok. Please say the sentence first stressing the adverb, then I’ll explain its position. |
| Nora:Nora, nå må du snart gå på skolen. |
| Gina:In this example, snart was moved before the verb. The only thing that changes with the reordering is the mood of the sentence. |
| Nora:In this case, the father doesn’t sound that irritated. |
| Gina:True. The effect of putting the adverb at the end can often be that you have a commanding tone, especially when you’re giving orders. |
| Nora:Nora, snart må du gå på skolen. |
| Gina:In this example we removed nå, which served as an intensifier, and replaced it with snart. The result is that it sounds like Nora has to go to school soon - in an hour’s time or so. |
| Nora:The sentence serves more as an informative sentence than a command. |
| Gina:Now that we’ve seen that, let’s look at some other sentences. |
| Nora:Jeg kommer etterpå |
| Gina:“I’ll come later” |
| Nora:Etterpå kommer jeg over. |
| Gina:“Afterwards, I’ll come over”. |
| Nora:Hun tok bussen senere den dagen |
| Gina:“She took the bus later that day” |
| Nora:Senere den dagen tok hun bussen |
| Gina:“Later that day, she took the bus” |
Outro |
| Gina:That’s all for this lesson. |
| Nora:Please take the time to go over it again if something was unclear. |
| Gina:And also remember to take a look at the lesson notes, and leave us a comment on the lesson page. |
| Nora:We’ll see you next time! |
| Gina:Thanks for listening, bye! |
| Nora:Ha det |
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