INTRODUCTION |
Gina:Hi, I am Gina. Welcome back to NorwegianClass101.com. This is Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 2 - Getting Online in Norway. |
Nora:Hey everyone, I’m Nora. |
Gina:In this lesson, you’ll continue to learn about past tenses. But this time, we’ll cover a topic, or a context, that we haven’t touched on yet... |
Nora:...The Internet! By the way, Internet in Norwegian is “internett” |
Gina:That’s easy to remember! In this lesson, we’ll mostly focus on the conjugation of different past tenses. |
Nora:The conversation is between Espen, and a new character Tore, who is Espen’s coworker. |
Gina:Espen and Tore are working at an advertisement agency, and are trawling the net for the latest trends. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
Nora:Like the rest of the industrialized world, Norway has Internet access. |
Gina:Did that come as a shock listeners?! |
Nora:Norway’s infrastructure is strong and innovative... |
Gina:But fiber-optic speeds are still quite expensive, and inaccessible for most. |
Nora:That’s true, but the general connection speeds are fast and so more or less every Norwegian has a stable connection to the internet. |
Gina:This means that everything has become an online service, from private postal mail; to online banks, and traffic information, ticket systems, and so on. Basically, the average Norwegian’s whole life can be managed through the Internet. |
Nora:Yes, and people take advantage of that too. Most Norwegians now even submit their tax report via the Internet or cell phone, rather than on paper. |
Gina:Okay, now let’s take a look at the vocab. |
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
Gina:Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. We have talked about this first item in an earlier series. |
Nora:Right. So if you aren’t familiar with “å se [blank] ut”, already please pay attention! |
Gina:In English we say “to look like” or “to seem like”. |
Nora:In Norwegian we say “å se [blank] ut.” The blank between “å se” and “ut” is where you put the describing word. |
Gina:And it’s not like English, where we can leave out the “like” depending on the describing words used. |
Nora:In Norwegian “ut” always has to be there. |
Gina:Let’s look at some examples of this. |
Nora:“Du ser sliten ut” |
Gina:“You look tired” Not too hard to grasp, right? What’s next? |
Nora:“Bilen så veldig gammel ut” |
Gina:“The car looked very old” Ok. Our next word just needs a simple explanation. |
Nora:The word “link” is the same as the English word “link”. |
Gina:In other words, it’s an English loan word. That means its usage is also entirely the same as in English. |
Nora:Some uses might not be as common as others, though. |
Gina:Let’s look at some examples. The first one is the most common occurrence of link in Norwegian. The second one is rarely used, but still correct. |
Nora:“Her er linken til det nye passordet ditt” |
Gina:“Here’s the link to your new password” Here we’re talking about a clickable link. And next? |
Nora:“Linken mellom den avdøde og gjerningsmannen var uklar” |
Gina:“The link between the deceased and the perpetrator was vague.” Here we are talking about connecting dots. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus
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Gina:In our previous lesson we looked back at the main difference between the simple past tense and the perfect past tense. |
Nora:In this lesson, we’ll take that one step further and start talking about verb categories. |
Gina:The focus on this grammar point will mainly be on the simple past tense, but we’ll also look at some perfect past tense examples, and how they differ in a conjugation sense. |
Nora:First, let’s start by dissecting the sentence in the dialogue that contained the word fant. Tore, jeg fant en side på Google her. |
Gina:It translates as “Tore, I found a page here on Google.” |
Nora:The start of this sentence is the personal noun Tore. |
Gina:In other words, the name of Espen’s friend and colleague. After the noun we have the pronoun |
Nora:jeg |
Gina:Or “I”. Next we have the verb |
Nora:fant which is the simple past tense of å finne |
Gina:Which means “to find”. |
Nora:Next we have the article en |
Gina:Which means“A”. This is always followed by a noun, in this case... |
Nora:Side. Which in English is “site”. Then we have på |
Gina:Which is the preposition “on”. Then we have the famed search engine, Google, and finally... |
Nora:Her or “here” in English. |
Gina:Let’s explain briefly why “here” is at the end of the sentence, and why it’s significant. |
Nora:Her is at the end of the sentence because Espen is referring to something that happened very recently, and at his job. In other words her simply conveys that it is of significance to the listener, and that it happened recently. |
Gina:Now let’s move on to the main focus of this lesson. |
Nora:Fant is what you’d call a strong verb. |
Gina:In Norwegian we usually categorize verbs into two categories - strong verbs and weak verbs. Weak verbs need a tail in the simple past tense, while strong verbs usually only alter the vowel in the verb to form simple past tense. |
Nora:The verb å finne does not have a tail in simple past tense. Instead, the word itself changes shape to become fant. |
Gina:Wait, I just mentioned that strong verbs usually change the vowel. Is this irregular? |
Nora:Å finne changes more than a vowel, but it is not irregular just because of that. Most verbs that end in infinitive nne, “n, n, e”, like å vinne ... |
Gina:Which means “To win”... |
Nora:...Will change to ant in past tense. Å vinne changes to vant. In past perfect tense, å finne conjugates to har funnet. |
Gina:So what about the other verb? |
Nora:Å vinne? Well, this also ends in the same way - har vunnet. |
Gina:See? This is why they are called regular verbs. But there are many different strong verbs that end in other ways than we’ve just talked about. |
Nora:Also, we can divide the weak verbs into four categories. |
Gina:Let’s look at some of the most common ones. I’ll give the verb type and English translation, and Nora will give us the examples in infinitive, then simple past tense, and finally in perfect past tense. |
Nora:Make sure you take a look at the diagram in our lesson notes for a better overview of these verbs. |
Gina:Okay, let’s go. first we have “weak verb category 1 which ends with -et. in the simple past tense”, And it means “to throw”. |
Nora:å kaste (pause) kasta / kastet (pause) har kastet |
Gina:Next, “weak verb category 2 that ends with -te. in simple past tense” And it means “to glow” |
Nora:Å lyse (pause) lyste (pause) har lyst |
Gina:Next we have “weak verb category 3 that ends with -de. in simple past tense” And it means “to live” |
Nora:Å leve (pause) levde (pause) har levd |
Gina:Next “weak verb category 4 that end with -dde. with an extra d in simple past tense.” “to reach” |
Nora:Å nå (pause) nådde (pause) har nådd |
Gina:Next we have strong verbs. There are no categories here, so we’ll just come up with a few examples. The first example is “to go” or “to walk”. |
Nora:Å gå (pause) gikk (pause) har gått |
Gina:Strong verb example 2. “to say” |
Nora:Å si (pause) sa (pause) har sagt |
Gina:And finally our third example. “to take” |
Nora:Å ta (pause) tok (pause) har tatt |
Gina:Now, you might have noticed we had no irregular verbs here. |
Nora:That’s because we’ll be talking about those in a later lesson. |
Outro
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Gina:That’s all for this lesson. |
Nora:Listeners, make sure you review the content in this lesson. |
Gina:And don’t forget to leave a comment in the comments section of the lesson page! |
Nora:See you next time! Ha det! |
Gina:Thanks for listening, bye! |
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